| Cartagena History History of Cartagena, Costa Calida, Spain
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Cartagena History The ancient city of Cartagena was founded (as its name suggests) by the Carthaginians in the year 227BC; though then called Cartago Nova (new Carthage). It rapidly became their main trading port, and at one time was widely recognised as being one of the wealthiest cities in the ancient world. Though Cartagena was made truly famous by the 2nd Punic war (218-201BC) which led to the landing of Hannibal and his elephants; who came with the intention of defeating the Romans. Hannibal's eventual defeat led to the loss of Spain and the Carthaginians were expelled from Spain by 206BC. Control of Cartagena thus passed over to the Romans who made many improvements (roads, bridges, aqueducts etc) to an already great city. After some initial teething troubles Roman rule brought peace and prosperity for several centuries. During the decline of the empire the Romans power was handed over to the Visigoths, who settled in Spain to build a kingdom. Persistent conflict between Visigoth nobles weakened the monarchy and in 711 the Moors (Arabs) arrived quickly taking control of Cartagena and much of the peninsular. The city saw some demotion under Muslim rule, if only in terms of status. The Moors instead choosing the newly founded city of Mursiya (Murcia) as the regions capital; itself governed by the caliphate of Cordoba. Much innovation followed, including the implementation of irrigation techniques (still used today) converting the regions arid soil into fertile land. The 11th century brought civil strife and the Caliphate was overthrown by native Spaniards to make way for an independent kingdom, including (at its height) part of the modern provinces of Alicante and Almeria. In its last major change of hands Cartagena and its surrounding territories were fought for and taken by Alfonso X of Castilla and Leon, in the year 1243. Now governed from central Spain Murcia remained the provincial capital (and remains so today). Cartagena continued its strategic importance being made Spain's official naval headquarters. It also remained the principal trading port for the country until the 20th century, when it suffered by competition brought on by the rival ports of Barcelona, Valencia and Malaga. These days Cartagena is still sustained by its role as a seaport. Industrial development is clearly evident, but the city still remains an attractive destination, with much to offer in its old quarter, and newer parts alike.
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